Pancreas

Anatomy and Physiology of the Pancreas


Pancreas

• An elongated gland extended to duodenum-spleen
• Having a head, body and tail that has exocrine portion that secretes insulin and glucagons
• Seen at retroperitoneal

A. PARTS

• Pancreatic islets- originate in endocrine that secretes insulin and glucagons.
• Pancreatic duct- unites with common bile duct to unfilled the duodenum.
• Acinar gland(acini)- a branch of exocrine that secretes digestive enzymes.

B. FUNTIONS


• Exocrine secretions has bicarbonate;

 That neutralized acidic juice or chime
 Stops pepsin digestion
 Provides proper function of the pancreatic enzymes.
 Helps in digestion of all classes of food.


• Proteolytic enzymes

 Trypsin
 Chymotripsin
 Carboxy peptidase

These enzymes digest protein that came from the stomach and pancreatic amylase for the digestion of carbohydrates from the oral cavity.

• Pancreatic enzymes

 Lipases- for lipid digestion
 Nucleases- lessen DNA and RNA from its nucleotide component.
 Secretin- produced watery pancreatic solution that has bicarbonate. Acidic chyme is the stimulus for the production of secretin.
 Cholecystokinin- stimulates the pancreas for the production of enzyme rich solution, which stimulated by the presence of fatty acids and amino acids from the duodenum

C. ENZYMES PRESENT IN THE PANCREAS

 Alpha cells- secretes glucagons
 Beta cells- secretes insulin.